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What is the principle of the horn?

2024-03-11 18:04:19
15times

A loudspeaker is a common acoustic device used to convert electrical signals into sound. Its principle is based on the principles of electromagnetic induction and vibration. The working principle of the horn, including the components, the working process and the mechanism of sound production, will be explained in detail below.


1. Components of a loudspeaker:


Diaphragm (diaphragm): the core component of a loudspeaker, usually a membrane-like structure, responsible for vibrating and producing sound.


Electromagnetic coil: A coil of wire fixed to the diaphragm, which generates a magnetic field when an electric current is passed through it.


Magnet: Usually a permanent magnet or electromagnet used to generate a magnetic field to interact with the solenoid coil.


Auxiliary Structures: These include the speaker housing, support structures, etc., which are used to hold and support the diaphragm and solenoid coil.


2. The working process of the speaker:


1. electrical signal input: external devices (such as audio amplifiers) input electrical signals into the electromagnetic coil of the speaker through wires.


2. Magnetic field generation: when the current passes through the electromagnetic coil, a magnetic field will be generated around the coil, and the direction and strength of this magnetic field will be controlled by the direction and size of the current.


3. Magnetic field and magnet interaction: the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil interacts with the magnets in the speaker, causing the electromagnetic coil to be subjected to a force.


4. diaphragm vibration: the electromagnetic coil and the diaphragm will vibrate together when subjected to a force, and the vibration frequency and amplitude of the diaphragm are related to the frequency and amplitude of the electrical signal.


5. sound generation: vibration of the diaphragm so that the air around the compression and rarefaction fluctuations, these fluctuations spread to the air, the formation of sound waves, and ultimately received by the human ear and perceived as sound.


3. Mechanism of sound production:


Compression and rarefaction: when the diaphragm vibrates outward, the air is compressed, creating a high-pressure region; when the diaphragm vibrates inward, the air is rarefied, creating a low-pressure region. This periodic compression and rarefaction creates sound waves.


Sound wave propagation: Sound waves are mechanical waves that travel through vibrating air molecules and eventually reach the human ear and are received by the eardrum.


Sound perception: When the sound wave reaches the eardrum, it will make the eardrum vibrate, stimulate the hearing cells in the cochlea, and generate electrical signals to be transmitted to the cerebral cortex, which will eventually be decoded as sound.


Through the analysis of the above principles, the working process of the horn can be briefly summarised as follows: electrical signal input → magnetic field generation → magnetic field and magnet interaction → vibration of the eardrum → sound generation. As an important acoustic device, the loudspeaker plays an important role in the field of audio system, communication equipment, etc. By converting the electrical signal into sound, it enables people to hear clear and vivid sound and enjoy music, film and other forms of entertainment.


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